BACTERIA USED IN INVESSEL COMPOSTING

About the product:
It's a non chemical, non toxic, non hazardous, highly environmental
friendly bio product, very safe and economical in relation to
the benefits derived. Leaves no side effects. It's anti Bacterial,
anti Fungal and anti Mould besides it's pronounced 'Odour Removal'
character. It neutralizes alkaline smelling substances such as
Ammonia and Sulphur compounds and masks offensive odours
including Hydorgen Sulphide.
Important:
This concentrate or mixed solution is to be stored only in
Stainless Steel Vessel or PVC Containers and NOT in
containers like Tin, Aluminium, Copper or Brass.
Uses of this product:
(1) Removal of odour:
It's a Natural Deodorizer extracted from plant sources and
it has the ability to prevent/ eliminate/ neutralize the polluting
odours from solid wastes, effluents and vent gases. It's very
effective against obnoxious odours emitted by / from: Paper
Mill Sludge, Pharma Industries, Chemical Industries, Pesticide
Manufacturing, Seafood Processing, Vegetable Oil Industries,
Dairy Industries, Leather Industry Effluents, Poultry Sheds,
Bone Meal/ Mutton Tallow, Slaughter Houses, Municipal Garbage,
Sewage, Dead Animals/ any rotten stuff and many other industries
including food industries. It's also good for Container fumigation.
(2) Speeds up decomposition process of organic wastes if any.
(3) In Seafood / Meat industry Used as preservative to increase
the shelf life of fresh catch.
(4) It converts Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic) into
Organic Manure.
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How to use this product in Seafood / Meat processing industry
to (1) remove odour and (2) preserve for increasing the shelf life:
Use 1 litre of this solution in 100 litres of fresh water. Dip upto 500 kgs
of fresh catch in this solution for 5 minutes before preserving in Ice. This
process will eliminate odour, act as Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal agent
and controls hazardous micro-Organisms like E Coli, Staphylococci, etc.,
therby increasing the shelf life of the sea catch. Use fresh solution for
every 500 kgs of fresh catch.
For removal of odour from Boat Deck:
Mix 1 litre of this solution in 25 litres of fresh water and spray in places
where odour occurs. Odour will vanish within minutes of application.
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How to use this product in Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic)
to (1) remove odour (2) speed-up the decomposition process:
Mix 1 part of this solution with 9 parts of fresh water and spray it using
sprayer on Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic).
How it works:
It starts working in few minutes after spraying.
The smell is removed immediately. And the smell and disease causing
bacteria are destroyed. Hence the smell will not come again.
Flies on the garbage will go away.
The volume of the decomposing garbage comes down.
It speeds-up the decomposing process of the Municipal Garbage
(degradable/ organic).
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Converting Municpal Garbage (degradable/ organic) into
Organic Manure:
To use this product to convert Municipal Garbage (degradable/
organic) into rich organic manure, pits with a size of 10 x 10 x 10
(feet) have to be digged.
Each pit can hold approximately 10 Tons of segregated garbage.
Along with this product Urea, Jaggery and fresh water have to me
used.
Each pit will have four layers of Municipal Garbage (degradable/
organic).
The bottom most layer will be made of mudsand. And the
top most layer will be of sand, which allows air and water
to pass through. And clay should not be used here.
you can use it in in vessel composting pot and the outlet product after 15 minutes opeartion of the  will be converted to 
organic manure after 2 weeks open air curing.There is no odour problem.
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Saleem Asraf Syed Imdaadullah,
Envo Projects
New Delhi, India
Cell :+919899300371
Tel. : +9101126985165
Fax : +9101126987150
TECHNICAL BLOG : LOTS OF INFO ON WATER TREATMENT
www.saleemindia.blogspot.com

Thermophilic Decomposition:

 

Thermophilic Decomposition:

It is a composting method which produces complete aerobic digestion and pasteurization of animal and other solid organic waste materials is effected in an open top, elongate, composting vessel, for producing an odor free, pasteurized, organic fertilizer, mulch or animal feed supplement.

Introduction: rotating-tank" type of in-vessel composter to rapidly decompose and stabilize institutional food service (cafeteria-type) food residuals have experienced delays in attainment of thermophilic temperatures.  On occasion, food residuals loaded into the in-vessel composter soon after collection (within 1-2 hours) would reach thermophilic temperatures within 24-36 hours.  However, when loading was delayed for 3-6 hours after collection, a fermentation process apparently began which produced fermentation odors (resembling a typical "trash-truck" smell) within 6-12 hours.  Simultaneously, compost pH would rapidly decline to near 3.0 and remain at or near that level for several days, during which time temperatures would remain in the mesophilic range.

In order to reduce the retention time inside the in-vessel composter and make most efficient use of the technology, reducing or preventing the lag time in achieving thermophilic decomposition is desirable.

How to make composter:

 

The composters were constructed of open-ended metal tanks measuring 3 feet in diameter and 6 feet long resting in a horizontal position on a set of 4 casters.  The tanks were rotated at the rate of 4 revolutions per hour, 24 hours per day, by a 0.5 hp motor using a rachet-drive mechanism.  The ends of the tanks were enclosed by plywood doors with a 0.5 inch perimeter gap for ambient air exchange.  Each tank was fitted with a center partition creating two compartments measuring 3 feet in length and 3 feet in diameter.  Each chamber would hold 0.5 cubic yards of material when filled to approximately two-thirds capacity, allowing headspace in each chamber for air exchange

Hydrated lime was added at the time of compost loading at the rates of 0, 5, 10 or 15 lbs. per 0.5 cubic yard batch.  Treatments were not replicated.  Temperature and pH were measured and recorded daily for 14 days.

RESULTS

The pH of compost receiving no lime was approaching 3.0 by 24 hours after loading (day 1).  The pH varied between 3.0 and 5.0 for the next 10 days, at which time a consistent increase began, reaching 8.2 on day 14.  Compost temperature ranged slightly below 120 degrees F through day 10.  Coinciding with the pH increase, compost temperatures rose to 144 degrees F by day 14.

The compost receiving 5 lbs. of lime started at pH 7.5, but gradually declined to a low of 4.3 on day 7.  However, by day 10, pH had increased 8.0.  As with the no-lime treatment, compost temperatures tended to parallel changes in pH.

The addition of 10 lbs. of lime increased the initial pH to 11.7.  However, the pH declined to 7.5 on day 4, which was the same day that temperatures reached the thermophilic range.  The pH ranged between 7.3 and 8.9 for the remainder of the project.

Adding 15 lbs. of lime increased the initial pH to 12.3.  The pH dropped below 8.0 and compost temperature reached the thermophilic range on day 7.

SUMMARY

The no-lime treatment required 12 days to reach thermophilic temperatures whereas 5 lbs. of lime allowed thermophilic temperatures to be attained by day 2.  However, the temperatures cooled into the mesophilic range as the pH dropped to approximately 5.5 and did not re-enter the thermophilic range until the pH increased.  The 10 lb. lime treatment required 4 days and the 15 lb. treatment required 7 days to reach thermophilic temperatures.

 

CONCLUSIONS

During the first few days of composting, a close relationship appears to exist between compost pH and temperature.  Addition of lime can reduce the time required to reach thermophilic composting temperatures from 12 days down to as low as 2 days.  With food residuals of the type used in this study, the optimum rate of hydrated lime addition appears to be between 5 and 10 lbs. per 0.5 cubic yard quantity.  Additional work is needed to study changes occurring between the time of initial food collection and initiation of composting,  appropriate rates of lime addition, and the need for lime when using other types of food residuals.

 

Organic Materials Management

Covering compost piles with breathable fabrics can help reduce water needs during hot, dry weather, and may help avoid soggy, anaerobic piles during periods of heavy rain. Many, but not all, cover systems include some form of forced aeration, using pumps to push or pull air through the pile core.

Forced aeration helps avoid anaerobic conditions within covered or static piles, since normal convective air flow may be restricted by either the cover itself or the size of the pile.

Covered or aerated compost systems may help composters reduce odors as well as regulated air emissions. However, not all manufacturers have sufficient research data to prove that their systems will meet the emissions reductions mandates of local air quality districts such as the South Coast Air Quality Management District.

Systems may use positive or negative aeration. Positive aeration uses pumps to force air into the pile. Negative aeration uses pumps to suck air through the pile. Positive aeration systems may rely upon beneficial microbes living just under the cover to destroy pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Negatively aerated systems typically route the pulled air through a device such as a biofilter or a furnace, which will destroy VOCs and other emissions.

The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) does not endorse specific technologies. New listings are encouraged and published upon CIWMB approval and permission from manufacturer. The following compost system vendor and designer/builder descriptions are based on information provided by the manufacturer. The CIWMB has not verified any of the claims in these descriptions. Please contact each vendor directly for pricing information.

Maggic Composter

About the product:

It's a non chemical, non toxic, non hazardous, highly environmental

friendly bio product, very safe and economical in relation to

the benefits derived. Leaves no side effects. It's anti Bacterial,

anti Fungal and anti Mould besides it's pronounced 'Odour Removal'

character. It neutralizes alkaline smelling substances such as

Ammonia and Sulphur compounds and masks offensive odours

including Hydorgen Sulphide.

Important:

This concentrate or mixed solution is to be stored only in

Stainless Steel Vessel or PVC Containers and NOT in

containers like Tin, Aluminium, Copper or Brass.

Uses of this product:

(1) Removal of odour:

It's a Natural Deodorizer extracted from plant sources and

it has the ability to prevent/ eliminate/ neutralize the polluting

odours from solid wastes, effluents and vent gases. It's very

effective against obnoxious odours emitted by / from: Paper

Mill Sludge, Pharma Industries, Chemical Industries, Pesticide

Manufacturing, Seafood Processing, Vegetable Oil Industries,

Dairy Industries, Leather Industry Effluents, Poultry Sheds,

Bone Meal/ Mutton Tallow, Slaughter Houses, Municipal Garbage,

Sewage, Dead Animals/ any rotten stuff and many other industries

including food industries. It's also good for Container fumigation.

(2) Speeds up decomposition process of organic wastes if any.

(3) In Seafood / Meat industry Used as preservative to increase

the shelf life of fresh catch.

(4) It converts Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic) into

Organic Manure.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

How to use this product in Seafood / Meat processing industry

to (1) remove odour and (2) preserve for increasing the shelf life:

Use 1 litre of this solution in 100 litres of fresh water. Dip upto 500 kgs

of fresh catch in this solution for 5 minutes before preserving in Ice. This

process will eliminate odour, act as Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal agent

and controls hazardous micro-Organisms like E Coli, Staphylococci, etc.,

therby increasing the shelf life of the sea catch. Use fresh solution for

every 500 kgs of fresh catch.

For removal of odour from Boat Deck:

Mix 1 litre of this solution in 25 litres of fresh water and spray in places

where odour occurs. Odour will vanish within minutes of application.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

How to use this product in Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic)

to (1) remove odour (2) speed-up the decomposition process:

Mix 1 part of this solution with 9 parts of fresh water and spray it using

sprayer on Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic).

How it works:

It starts working in few minutes after spraying.

The smell is removed immediately. And the smell and disease causing

bacteria are destroyed. Hence the smell will not come again.

Flies on the garbage will go away.

The volume of the decomposing garbage comes down.

It speeds-up the decomposing process of the Municipal Garbage

(degradable/ organic).

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Converting Municpal Garbage (degradable/ organic) into

Organic Manure:

To use this product to convert Municipal Garbage (degradable/

organic) into rich organic manure, pits with a size of 10 x 10 x 10

(feet) have to be digged.

Each pit can hold approximately 10 Tons of segregated garbage.

Along with this product Urea, Jaggery and fresh water have to me

used.

Each pit will have four layers of Municipal Garbage (degradable/

organic).

The bottom most layer will be made of mudsand. And the

top most layer will be of sand, which allows air and water

to pass through. And clay should not be used here.

The Municipal Garbage (degradable/ organic) gets converted into

organic manure in period of 45 days

* * * E N D * * *

Microbiology of In-vessel Composting

 

Microbiology of In-vessel Composting

To maintain maximum microbial activity, particularly when processing organic waste such as ABP (Animal By-Product) Category 3 waste or kitchen and garden waste, process factors need to be optimal, requiring careful management and control. Microbial activity is sensitive to changes in process factors, such as the temperature, pH, nutrient and oxygen availability and moisture content. Physical (oxygen uptake, temperature) and chemical properties (pH, volatile fatty acids and metabolite concentrations) can be used to indicate the state of the composting system.

Most of the micro-organisms present during in-vessel composting are bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.

Bacteria make up 80 % to 90 % of the myriad of micro-organisms and are responsible for most of the initial decomposition of the readily-degradable organic waste and the heat generation characteristic of in-vessel composting.

Actinomycetes and fungi, however, constitute most of the biomass, particularly in the later stages of composting when they are more prevalent.

Fungi have a competitive advantage over bacteria and actinomycetes because they are able to operate in environments which are too dry, acidic, and low in nitrogen for bacteria and are often found growing extensively on carbonaceous organic material. Their enzymes enable them to decompose complex organics such as cellulose, lignin, chitin, and proteins.

Ultimately, the type of organic material determines microbial population dynamics but, because the biochemical reactions during composting are catalysed by enzymes, temperature is the principal influence on microbial activity.

Under optimal conditions, in-vessel composting typically experiences three distinctive stages: active, cooling and maturation. Microbial populations operate within a specific temperature range. The typical temperature and pH profiles during in-vessel composting are shown in the graph above.

Psychrophiles favour temperatures below 10?C, mesophiles thrive in temperature between about 20?C and 45?C and thermophiles grow well between about 50?C to 70?C. An increase above the maximum temperature in the range leads to the thermal destruction of the cell proteins and the death of the micro-organisms, whilst temperatures below the minimum affect the metabolism of the cell.

source:http://www.theteggroup.plc.uk/technical_library/microbiology_of_invessel_composting